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VERTICAL STRUCTURES

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Vertical elements

Vertical elements transfer load from roof to foundation, carrying gravity and/or lateral  load.  Although elements may resist only gravity or only lateral load, most are designed to  resist both.  Shear walls designed for both gravity and lateral load may use gravity dead  load to resist overturning which is most important for short walls.  Four basic elements  are used individually or in combination to resist gravity and lateral loads

1  Wall under gravity load
2  Wall under lateral load (shear wall)
3  Cantilever under gravity load
4  Cantilever under lateral load
5  Moment frame under gravity load
6  Moment frame under lateral load
7  Braced frame under gravity load
9  Braced frame under lateral load


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